Internal-combustion engine.



0. J. COLE.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-27, I9l2.

1,15%844. Patented Sept. 28, 1915.

3 SHEETSSHEET I.

( yme/whom COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH co.. WASHINGTON. D c

0. J. COLE.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED Aue.27. 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH 60., WASHINGTON, D. c.

Patented Sept. 28, 1915.

- 0. J. COLE.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.27, 1912.

1,154,844. PatentedSept. 28, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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COPJMBXA PLANQGRAPH (10., wAsnmuiuN, D. c.

ORLANDO JAMES COLE, OF COXS CREEK, KENTUCKY.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 28, 1315.

Application filed August 27, 1912. Serial No. 717,282..

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ORLANDO J. COLE, acitizen of the United States, residing at Coxs Creek, in the county ofNelson and State of Kentucky, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Internal- Combustion Engines, of which the following isa specification.

The present invention relates to internal combustion engines of the typewherein two or more working pistons are provided with pumping pistons,the pumping piston of one working piston serving to force the explosivecharge, into the cylinder containing the other working piston.

An important object of the invention is to provide an engine of theabove mentioned character, which is so constructed that a proper amountof fresh air is introduced into the explosive cylinders to expel theproducts of combustion therefrom, subsequently to which the explosivecharge is introduced into said cylinders, the same having been firstproperly heated before such introduction.

A further object of the invention is to provide an engine of the abovementioned character, which is compact in the arrangement of its parts,strong, durable, and not liable to derangements.

A further object of the invention is to provide an engine of the abovementioned character, which will make very little noise during itsoperation.

A further object of the invention is to provide novel means for holdingthe valves inplace, whereby the valves may be easily and quickly removedto be cleaned or ground.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent duringthe course of the following description.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification and inwhich like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout thesame, Figure 1 is an end view of the engine, Fig. 2 is a centraltransverse sectional view through one of the cylinders and associatedelements, Fig. 3 is a central vertical longitudinal sectional viewthrough the engine, Fig. 4 is a plan view of the same, and, Fig. 5 is ahorizontal sectional view taken on line 55 of Fig. 3.

In the drawings wherein, for the purpose of illustration, 1 have shown apreferred embodiment of my invention, the numeral 6 designates a closedcrank case, within which is mounted a crank shaft 7, having cranks 8.Rigidly mounted upon one end of the crank shaft 7 is a fiy-wheel 9, asshown. Connected with the opposite end of the crank shaft 7 is astarting crank 10. Rlgidly mounted upon the crank case 6 are upstandingpumping cylinders 11, having a common inner wall 12, as shown. Formedupon the upper ends of the pumping cylinders 11 and preferably castintegral therewith, are explosion cylinders 13, the lower end portionsof which extend downwardly for considerable distances within the pumpingcylinders 11, providing annular spaces 14, which overlap the lower 7portions of the explosion cylinders 13. Disposed within the explosioncylinders 13 are hollow working pistons 15, having their upper endsclosed and their lower ends open, as shown. Formed upon the lower openend of each of the working pistons 15 is a pumping piston 16, which isof greater diameter than the working piston, as shown. The pump ingpiston 16 overlaps upwardly the lower end of the working piston. Byhaving the pumping piston thus overlapping upwardly the lower end of theworking piston and the explosion cylinder 13 extending downwardly intothe upper end of the pumping cylinder 11, quite a compact constructionis obtained, whereby the engine may be built quite short. Extending intothe hollow working pistons 15 are pitmans 17, which are pivotallyconnected therewith by pins 18. These pitmans extend downwardly andengage the cranks 8, as Shown.

Each of the working'pistons 15 is provided near and spaced from itsupper closed end, with an annular oil catching and holding trough 19,having communication with a suitable number of openingsQO, adapted toconduct the oil to the inner surface of the cylinder 13. As iscustomary, the crank case 6 is partially filled with oil and some ofthis oil is splashed by the pitman 17 and crank 8 into the trough 19,during the operation of the engine. Heretofore it has been particularlydifficult to supply oil to the inner surface of the explosion cylinderwhere the piston that operates therein is provided with a pumping pistonof greater diameter. It is thus seen that I have provided novel andsimple automatic means for supplying oil to the inner surface of theexplosion cylinder. Each of the explosion cylof the explosion cylinders13 is provided with a reduced internally screw-threaded sleeveorextension 26, for receiving an externally screw-threaded valve casingor'shell 27, as shown. This valve casing 27. has its upper end closedand its lower end open and adapted to have communication with the 111-.

terior of the explosion cylinder. The lower end of the valve casing 27serves as a seat for a downwardly opening check valve 28,

connected with a stem 29, extending upwardly through the closed upperend of the casing'27. Surrounding the upperend of the valve stem 29 is acoil spring 30, which serves to normally hold the valve 28 in its closedposition.

The numeral 31 designates a cap or cup which surrounds the upper end ofthe valve stem 29 and has screw-threaded engagement 7 with the valvecasing 27, as shown This 1 cap keeps out the dust and the like from theV valve stem and also muiiles the noise made by'the valve when the sameis operating. Each of the explosion cylinders 13 is provided with aspark plug 32, disposed near one side of the valve casing'27, as shown.

Disposed between the explosion cylinders 13 are gas conduits 33 and 34,which are cast integral with the explosion cylinders, as

- shown. These gas conduits have a common dividing wall 35 and theirside Walls are formed by the walls of the explosion cylinders, as shownin Fig. 5. The gas conduit 33 has its lower end in open communicationwith the space 14: of the pumping cylinder 11 to the left and extendingupwardly to the right to extend transversely over the explosion cylinder13 to the right, as shown. The

. gas conduit 34: has its lower end in free communication with the space14 of the pumping cylinder 11 to the right and extending upwardly tothe-left to traverse the upper end of the explosion cylinder 13 to theleft, as shown. Each of the gas conduits 33 and i 341 hasfreecommunication with the valve being fedvinto the same.

casing 27 through oppositely arranged openlugs 36, formed in such valvecasing. The part1cular arrangement and formation of these gas conduitsis an important feature of the invention, as it enables the gas orexplosive charge to receive the maximum amount of heat'from theexplosion cylinder before It is thus seen that by having the side wallsof the gas conduits formed of the walls of the explosion cylinders, theheat from the explosion cyline ders may readily radiate into said gasconduits. This construction is also cheap and compact. Havingscrew-threaded engagement with the. upper ends of the gas conduits 33and 34 are air supply casingsor pipes 37, having their lower endsleading into said gas conduits.

The numeral 38 designates inwardly opening check valves, normallyheldseated by" springs 39, surrounding valve stems 10, which operate throughstationary spiders 4,1. Swingingly mounted within the air-supplycasings37 are valves 42, to regulate the amount of air passingtherethrough. Surrounding the explosion cylinders 13 and pumpingcylinders 11, is a sheet metal water i jacket 4l3,suitably spaced fromthe same and extending downwardly to thecrankcase 6, as shown. The wateris fed into the jacket 43 through a lower pipe 4:4: and discharges fromthe same through an upper'pipe 45,"as

shown. Instead of passing water through the jacket 413, I may pass airthrough the same or any other suitable cooling medium. The operation ofthe engine 1s as follows:

Assuming that the engine is operating and the working pistons 15occupythe positions shown in Fig. 3, the pumping cylinder 11 to the right hasbeen filled with the gas or explosive charge due to the downwardmovement of the pumping piston 16. The working piston 15 to the righthas moved downwardly to pass the exhaust port 21, whereby ice 7 theproducts of combustion may pass there throughL. Upon the previous downstroke of the pumping piston 16 to the left, air was introduced into theupper end of the gas conduit 33 through casing 37 and gas into the upperportion of the left'cylinder 11.

When the pumping piston 16 'to the left, moves upwardly to assume theposition shown in Fig. 3, the exhaust port 21 being I uncovered, asabove stated, the check valve 28 will be unseated and the air suppliedinto the cylinder 13 to the right before the explosivecharge is suppliedtherein. serves to expel any of the products of combustion-that mayremain in the cylinder and forms a blanket or'partition between suchThis air products of combustion and the fresh charge. Upon the upwardmovement of the piston 15 to the right, the exhaust port 21 is of courseclosed and the valve 28 seated, subsequently to which the fresh chargeis com pressed and fired when the piston is in its upper position. Whenthe pumping piston 16 to the right has moved to the lowermost position,as shown in Fig. 3, fresh-air is drawn into the outer end of the gasconduit 34, which is in turn introduced into the explosion cylinder13'to the left when the piston 15 moves downwardly to uncover theexhaust port. The upward movement of the piston 16 to the right forcesthis air and the gas into the cylinder 13, to the left through the gasconduit 34 it being understood that the air first enters the cylinder 13to the left to drive out all the products of combustion and form ablanket between such products of combustion and the fresh charge. Uponthe upward movement of the piston 15 to the left, the fresh charge isentrapped, compressed and fired, as is customary. it is thus seen thatthepumping piston of one working piston supplies air and gas to theexplosion cylinder of the other working piston. The pitmans 17 andcranks 8 operating within the crank case 6 splash the oil containedtherein into the hollow pistons 15, which oil is caught within theannular troughs l9 and fed through the openings 20 to lubricate theexterior surface of the working pistons and the inner surface of theexplosion cylinders.

Attention is called to the fact that the inner wall of the annular space14: or the upper end of the pumping cylinder 11 is formed of the lowerportion of the working cylinder 13. By this construction a large heatingarea is provided for utilizing the heat generated in the cylinder 13, toheat the fresh charge being compressed within the space 14-. The wateror the like circulating within the jacket 43 serves to heat the outerwall of the pumping cylinder 11, thus aiding in heating the fresh chargeof gas drawn therein upon the down stroke of the piston. It is thus seenthat there are three means which serve to properly heat the freshcharge, to wit, the lower portion of the working cylinder, serving asthe inner wall of the annular space 14 or upper end of the pumpingcylinder, the water circulating in the jacket 4L3, and the conduits 33and 3a having their side walls formed of the walls of the workingcylinders.

It is to be understood that the form of my invention herewith shown anddescribed is to be taken as a preferred example of the same, and thatcertain changes in the shape, size, and arrangement of parts may beresorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention or thescope of the subjoined claim.

Having thus described my invention, I claim In an engine of thecharacter described, the combination with a pair of explosion cylindersprovided near their lower ends with pumping cylinders, pistons mountedto operate in the explosion cylinders and having flanges operatingwithin the pumping cylinders, gas supply conduits communicating with theinterior of the pumping cylinders and having horizontal portionsextending across the upper ends of the explosion cylinders and beyondthe same for a substantial distance, a jacket surrounding the top of theexplosion cylinders and the upper portions of the gas conduits andextending downwardly about the explosion cylinders, valve casingspassing through the top of the acket, the horizontal portions of the gassupply conduits and having screwthreaded engagement with the, top of theexplosion cylinders, inwardly opening check valves carried by the valvecasings, air supply conduits passing through the top of the jacket andleading into the outer ends of the horizontal portions of the gas supplyconduits, inwardly opening check valves controlling the passage of airthrough the air supply conduits, adjustable cut off valves arrangedwithin the air supply conduits, and means for connecting the pumpingcylinders with a carbureter for supplying fuel thereto. In testimonywhereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ORLANDO JAMES COLE. Witnesses:

Gno. BARKHURST, JOHN S. KEELEY, Jr.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

